Hand-plow



Y (No Modl.)

P. D. GRAHAM. HAND BLOW.

No. 417.169. Patented Deo. 10, 18891.

and rickety on account of age and use.

` UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PETER DUNLAP GRAHAM, OF COR'UNNA, INDIANA.

H-AN D- PLOW.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 417,169, dated December10, 18819. Appiicaaonnetiipnizo,1889. serian). 307,953. (no'modei.)

erator, and the standard carrying the shovel i or cultivator-blade maybe adjusted to run deep or shallow, as may be desired.

The objects of my invention are, til-st, to provide a hand-plow in whichthere is no wide frame, spreading handles, or laterally-proj ectingparts to prevent working up close to the roots of large spreadingplants; second, to provide an adjustable hand-plow which may be morecheaply manufactured, be lighter, and more simple in its constructionthan those in common use; third, to provide a hand-plow which may beconstructed mainly of wood, in order to secure the least weight and theleast expense in manufacture, and yet possess sufficient strength andrigidity and be of such construction that all shrinkage of the timbermay loe readily taken up, so that it will not be liable to become looseI attain these objects by means of the mechanism illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a side elevation whichembodies my invention complete. Fig. 2 is a top view ot' the rearportion of the implement, showing the manner of attaching thecross-head, the. Fig. 2l is a side view of the wheel; Fig. et, the sameas Fig. 3, except that it shows a slight variation in the constructionof the hub, as will be hereinafter more fully explained.

In view of the illustrations given, it will be seen that my inventionconsists, simply, of the two side bars A A, having the support ing-wheell pivoted between their front or lower ends, across-head or hand-hold C,attached to their rear orvupper ends, and the standard D, clampedbetween the side bars A A a short distance in the rear of the wheel B.This construction may be varied somewhat by allowing the side bars A Ato extend only a short distance to the rear of the standard D andforming a shorthandle ofthe center piece E, havingl the cross-head Csecured to its upper end, its lower end being bolted between the rearends of the side bars A A. However, l prefer the method rst described.

The side bars A A are preferably formed as shown in Fig. l of thedrawings, being about three and one-half inches wide at the point ofconnection with the standard D and tapering toward either end. They arepreferably made of wood, have tenons formed on their upper ends, andshould be about four feet long and three-fourths of van inch thick.

rlhe wheel B is light, strong, and cheaply construct-ed, and possessessome novel features. lt is composed of two fiat pieces of wood formed tocross each other at right angles in the center of the wheel and halvedor boxed into each other at their central point of connection. Beingmade wide enough in the center of the wheel to secure strength andsolidity, the radialy ends are cut down to the proper size for spokes,as shown in the drawings.

The rim of the wheel B is simply a tire, preferably composed ofband-iron one inch wide by one-eighth of an inch thick. It is secured tothe wheel by means of wood-screws inserted through the tire and into theends of the spokes. A metal hub is formed by inserting through thecenter of the wheel a short piece of small gas-pipe or other similartubular metal, of sufeient length to project a short distance on eachside of the Wheel. A washer or plate having a central aperture largeenough to admit of the passage of the projecting ends of the tube isplaced on each side of the center of the wheel. The projecting ends ofthe metal tube are then swaged or riveted down over the washers orplates,

.thus forming a substantial metal hub, and at the same time binding t-hewooden parts of the wheel immovably together7 as shown at F in Fig. 3 ofthe drawings. Should a longer hub be desirethmore or thicker washers maybe used or the projecting ends of gas-pipe may be screw-threaded ontheir outside and nuts G screwed down on the opposite sides of thewheel, as shown in Fig. t of the drawings. The projecting ends of thegas pipe or tube may then be allowed to extend through the nuts G anydistance desired. .Ey this con- ICO struction a wheel much cheaper, muchlighter, and fully as serviceable and durable as the heavier and moreexpensive kinds in common use is secured.

The cross-head C is made ot' wood, is about; twenty inches long, andprovided in its center with a longitudinal mortise, said mortise beingof such a length that when the tenoned ends of the side bars A A areinserted therein they will be drawn a little closer together than theyare at other points. The center piece E is formed wedge-shaped, andbeing placed with its narrow end above is driven upward through themortise between the tenoned ends of the side bars A A until perfecttightness is secured. The center piece E should be of sut'ticient lengthto reach about one-third of the distance from the cross-head C tothestandard D. A small bolt c is inserted transversely through the sidebars A A and the center piece E, which serves to 1 stiften the frame andbind the parts immovably together.

The standard D is preferably made ot' wood, and should be about eighteeninches long, two inches wide from front to rear, and one and one-fourthinch thick. lt should be formed with a curve, as shown in the drawings,said curve being equal to that of a circle whose radius is equal to thedistance from the standard D to the center of the wheel B. Formed inthis manner the standard D may be adjusted high or low and the pitch ofthe shovel will always remain the saine. I

i The standard D is adjustably secured between the side bars A A, asshown in Fig. l of the drawings, by means of the two clamping-bolts a a,one of which is made to pass through near the upper edge of the sidebars A A and just in front of the standard D, the other bolt d beingmade to pass through near the lower edge of the side bars A A and justin the rear of the standard D, as shown in Fig, l of the drawings.

The wheel B is secured in its place by means of a bolt I), which passestransversely i through the lower ends ot' the side bars A A and the hubof the wheel B.

From the construction ol my improved f, hand-plow herein shown anddescribed it will be seen that there is no wide frame or laterally- 1projectingparts. Excepting the cross-head C, 3 it is, in fact, less thanthree inches in lateral width in any part of its frame. It will also beseen that on account of its simplicity and the material used it may bevery cheaply constructed. It is very light-not exceeding from eight toten pounds in weight-and is strong and durable.

It is apparent that all shrinkage of the timber may be readily takenup-as, for instance, it will be seen that by tightening the nuts on thebolts'e, d a, and h the side bars A A will be drawn tightly against thecenter piece E, the standard D, and the hub of the wheel B, no matterwhat amount of shrinkage takes place in any of the connected parts.

Should the wooden cross-pieces in the center ot the wheel become loose,they are readily tightened by :turther riveting the ends of the hub F,as shown in Fig. Sof the drawings, or by tightening the nuts G, ifconstructed on the plan shown in Fig. 4.

Should the cross-head C everbecome loose, it is only necessary towithdraw the bolt e and drive the wedge-shaped center piece E fartherthrough the mortisein the cross-head C, thus spreading the tenoned endsofthe side bars A A, after which the bolt e ma)`7 again be inserted inits place by boring a new hole through the center piece E correspondingwith the holes in the side bars A A. Thus every part of the implementmay always be kept tight and rigid.

'Referring to Fig. l of the drawings, it will be seen that iE the nutson the bolts a a are loosened the clampage of the side bars A A upon thestandard D will be released and the said standard D may be raised orlowered, thus adapting the shovel d to run deep or shallow, as may bedesired, or the height of the cross-head or handle may be varied to suitthe convenience of the operator. \Vhen the nuts a a. are againtightened, the parts will be firmly secured in their adjusted position.

ll'hat I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The combination, in a hand-plow, of the side bars A, the wheel B, havingav metal hub or axle in its center, the standard D, secured between theside bars and the bolts a a, the cross-head C, and the center piece E,

l substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof I affix nly signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

PETER DUN-LAP GRAHAM.

Witnesses:

(). P. HABER, A. E. FoLTZ.

TOO

